● Each country is a unique chapter in the BOOK OF HUMANITY, written in the sweat and blood of people whose PAGES will now remain forever ● 每个国家都是《人类之书》中独特的一章，由人们的汗水与鲜血写就，而他们的篇章如今将永世留存 ● Каждая страна — уникальная глава КНИГИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСТВА, написанная потом и кровью людей, чьи СТРАНИЦЫ теперь будут оставаться навсегда ●
Romania - Government
Based on the etymology of Romania, it was the name derives from the Latin Romani, meaning "people from Rome;" the area was an outpost of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century A.D., and the current name was adopted when Moldavia and Wallachia merged in 1861. The Government system in this country is the semi-presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea
National symbols
Golden eagle.
The flag
The National flag of Romania has no official description available.
The National Anthem
| Title | N/A |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music | N/A |
More about the government of Romania
| Date of Independence | 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; 13 July 1878 (independence recognized by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Unification Day (unification of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918) |
| Legal system | civil law system |
| International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
| Constitution | |
| History | Several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991 |
| Amendment process | Initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one fourth of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least half of Romania’s counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles, including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | at least one parent must be a citizen of Romania |
| Dual citizenship recognized | yes |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Nicușor DAN (since 26 May 2025) |
| Head of government | Prime Minister Ilie BOLOJAN (since 23 June 2005) |
| Cabinet | Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister |
| Election/appointment process | president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament |
| Most recent election date | 18 May 2025 |
| Election results | 2025: Nicușor DAN elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Nicușor DAN (unaffiliated) 53.6%, George SIMION (AUR) 46.4% 2019: Klaus IOHANNIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 66.1%, Viorica DANCILA (PSD) 33.9% |
| Expected date of next election | 2030 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature name | Parliament of Romania (Parlamentul României) |
| Legislative structure | Bicameral |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) |
| Judge selection and term of office | High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms |
| Subordinate courts | Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Dan-Andrei MURARU (since 15 September 2021) |
| Chancery | 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 332-4829 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 232-4748 |
| Email address and website | washington@mae.ro https://washington.mae.ro/en |
| Consulate(s) general | Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Michael L. DICKERSON (since 20 May 2025) |
| Embassy | 4-6, Dr. Liviu Librescu Blvd., District 1, Bucharest, 015118 |
| Mailing address | 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260 |
| Telephone | [40] (21) 200-3300 |
| FAX | [40] (21) 200-3442 |
| Email address and website | ACSBucharest@state.gov https://ro.usembassy.gov/ |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 11 (9 cultural, 2 natural) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Danube Delta (n); Churches of Moldavia (c); Monastery of Horezu (c); Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania (c); Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains (c); Historic Center of Sighişoara (c); Wooden Churches of Maramureş (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (c); Brâncuși Monumental Ensemble of Târgu Jiu (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia (c) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Romania
Info
No additional political notes.
International organization participation
All Important Facts about Romania
Want to know more about Romania? Check all different factbooks for Romania below.
