● Each country is a unique chapter in the BOOK OF HUMANITY, written in the sweat and blood of people whose PAGES will now remain forever ● 每个国家都是《人类之书》中独特的一章，由人们的汗水与鲜血写就，而他们的篇章如今将永世留存 ● Каждая страна — уникальная глава КНИГИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСТВА, написанная потом и кровью людей, чьи СТРАНИЦЫ теперь будут оставаться навсегда ●
Finland - Government
Based on the etymology of Finland, it was name derives from the Finns, an ethnic group in northeastern Europe; their name comes from the Germanic word finna, meaning "fish scale;" the local name, Suomi, may come from two local words: suo, meaning "marsh," and maa, meaning "land". The Government system in this country is the parliamentary republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]
National symbols
Lion.
The flag
The National flag of Finland has no official description available.
The National Anthem
| Title | N/A |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music | N/A |
More about the government of Finland
| Date of Independence | 6 December 1917 (from Russia) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Independence Day, 6 December (1917) |
| Legal system | civil law system based on the Swedish model |
| International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
| Constitution | |
| History | Previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000 |
| Amendment process | Proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared "urgent" by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | at least one parent must be a citizen of Finland |
| Dual citizenship recognized | yes |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 6 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Alexander STUBB (since 1 March 2024) |
| Head of government | Prime Minister Petteri ORPO (since 20 June 2023) |
| Cabinet | Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament |
| Election/appointment process | president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by Parliament |
| Most recent election date | 28 January 2024, with a runoff on 11 February 2024 |
| Election results | 2024: Alexander STUBB elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Alexander STUBB (KoK) 27.2%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 25.8%, Jussi HALLA-AHO (PS) 19.0%, Olli REHN (Kesk) 15.3%; percent of vote in second round - STUBB 51.6%, HAAVISTO 48.4% 2018: Sauli NIINISTO reelected president; percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (independent) 62.7%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 12.4%, Laura HUHTASAARI (PS) 6.9%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (independent) 6.2%, Matti VANHANEN (Kesk) 4.1%, other 7.7% |
| Expected date of next election | by 28 January 2030 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature name | Parliament (Eduskunta - Riksdagen) |
| Legislative structure | Unicameral |
| Number of seats | 200 (all directly elected) |
| Electoral system | Proportional representation |
| Scope of elections | Full renewal |
| Term in office | 4 years |
| Most recent election date | 4/2/2023 |
| Parties elected and seats per party | National Coalition Party (KOK) (48); The Finns Party (PS) (46); Social Democratic Party (SDP) (43); Center Party (KESK) (23); The Greens (13); Left Alliance (Vas) (11); Other (16) |
| Percentage of women in chamber | 45.5% |
| Expected date of next election | April 2027 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president; organized into 3 chambers) |
| Judge selection and term of office | Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court judges appointed by the president of the republic; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 68 |
| Subordinate courts | 6 Courts of Appeal; 8 regional administrative courts; 27 district courts; special courts for issues relating to markets, labor, insurance, impeachment, land, tenancy, and water rights |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Leena-Kaisa MIKKOLA (since 18 September 2024) |
| Chancery | 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 298-5800 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 298-6030 |
| Email address and website | sanomat.WAS@gov.fi https://finlandabroad.fi/web/usa/mission |
| Consulate(s) general | Los Angeles, New York |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Howard W. BRODIE (since 13 November 2025) |
| Embassy | Itainen Puistotie 14 B, 00140 Helsinki |
| Mailing address | 5310 Helsinki Place, Washington DC 20521-5310 |
| Telephone | [358] (9) 616-250 |
| FAX | [358] (9) 174-681 |
| Email address and website | HelsinkiACS@state.gov https://fi.usembassy.gov/ |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 7 (6 cultural, 1 natural) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Fortress of Suomenlinna (c); Old Rauma (c); Petäjävesi Old Church (c); Verla Groundwood and Board Mill (c); Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki (c); High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago (n); Struve Geodetic Arc (c) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Finland
Info
No additional political notes.
International organization participation
All Important Facts about Finland
Want to know more about Finland? Check all different factbooks for Finland below.
