The Government of Syria - HB: Country Gateway

● Each country is a unique chapter in the BOOK OF HUMANITY, written in the sweat and blood of people whose PAGES will now remain forever ● 每个国家都是《人类之书》中独特的一章，由人们的汗水与鲜血写就，而他们的篇章如今将永世留存 ● Каждая страна — уникальная глава КНИГИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСТВА, написанная потом и кровью людей, чьи СТРАНИЦЫ теперь будут оставаться навсегда ●

National symbols

Northern bald ibis.

The flag

The National flag of Syria has no official description available.

The National Anthem

Title	N/A
Lyric/music	N/A

More about the government of Syria

Constitution
Date of Independence	17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
National holiday	Independence Day (Evacuation Day), 17 April (1946)
Legal system	mixed system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts)
International law organization participation	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICC
History	Syria's 2012 constitution was rescinded by the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham-led government in January 2025; in March 2025, interim authorities announced a transitional constitution to remain in effect for up to five years
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth	no
Citizenship by descent only	the father must be a citizen of Syria; if the father is unknown or stateless, the mother must be a citizen of Syria
Dual citizenship recognized	yes
Residency requirement for naturalization	10 years
Executive Branch
Chief of state	Ahmad al-Shara'; former President Bashar al-ASAD was overthrown by Islamist rebels on 8 December 2024
Head of government	Prime Minister Muhammad al-BASHIR (since 8 December 2024)
Cabinet	Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Election/appointment process	president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); the president appoints the vice president and prime minister
Most recent election date	26 May 2021
Election results	2021: Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD (Ba'th Party) 95.2%, Mahmoud Ahmad MAREI (Democratic Arab Socialist Union) 3.3%, other 1.5% 2014: Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD (Ba'th Party) 88.7%, Hassan al-NOURI (independent) 4.3%, Maher HAJJER (independent) 3.2%, other/invalid 3.8%
Expected date of next election	2028
Legislative branch
Legislature name	People's Assembly (Majlis Al-Chaab)
Legislative structure	Unicameral
Number of seats	210 (140 indirectly elected; 70 appointed)
Electoral system	Plurality/majority
Scope of elections	Full renewal
Term in office	4 years
Most recent election date	10/5/2025
Percentage of women in chamber	9.6%
Expected date of next election	March 2030
Judicial branch
Highest court(s)	Court of Cassation (organized into civil, criminal, religious, and military divisions, each with 3 judges); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 7 members)
Judge selection and term of office	Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), a judicial management body headed by the minister of justice with 7 members, including the national president; judge tenure NA; Supreme Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the SJC; judges serve 4-year renewable terms
Subordinate courts	Courts of first instance; magistrates' courts; religious and military courts; Economic Security Court; Counterterrorism Court
Diplomatic representation in the US
Diplomatic representation from the US
Chief of mission	Ambassador (vacant); note - on 6 February 2012, the US suspended operations at its embassy in Damascus; Czechia serves as a protecting power for US interests in Syria
Mailing address	6110 Damascus Place, Washington DC 20521-6110
Email address and website	USIS_damascus@embassy.mzv.cz https://sy.usembassy.gov/
National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites	6 (all cultural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales	Ancient City of Damascus; Ancient City of Bosra; Site of Palmyra; Ancient City of Aleppo; Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din; Ancient Villages of Northern Syria