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Poland - Government
Based on the etymology of Poland, it was the name probably comes from the Slavic word pole (field or plain), indicating the flat nature of the country. The Government system in this country is the parliamentary republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 16 provinces or voivodships (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie (Lodz), Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie (Opole), Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross), Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)
National symbols
White crowned eagle.
The flag
The National flag of Poland has no official description available.
The National Anthem
| Title | N/A |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music | N/A |
More about the government of Poland
| Date of Independence | 11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 14 April 966 (adoption of Christianity, traditional founding date), 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Constitution Day, 3 May (1791) |
| Legal system | civil law system; judicial review of legislative, administrative, and other governmental acts; constitutional law rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final |
| International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
| Constitution | |
| History | Several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997 |
| Amendment process | Proposed by at least one fifth of Sejm deputies, by the Senate, or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Sejm and absolute majority vote in the Senate; amendments to articles relating to sovereignty, personal freedoms, and constitutional amendment procedures also require passage by majority vote in a referendum |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | both parents must be citizens of Poland |
| Dual citizenship recognized | no |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Karol NAWROCKI (since 6 August 2025) |
| Head of government | Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 11 December 2023) |
| Cabinet | Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm |
| Election/appointment process | president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm; all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation |
| Most recent election date | 18 May 2025, with the second round on 1 June 2025 |
| Election results | 2025: Karol NAWROCKI elected president in second round; percent of vote - Karol NAWROCKI (PiS) 50.9%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49.1%; NAWROCKI takes office 6 August 2025 2025: First round Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 31.4%, Karol NAWROCKI 29.5% (PiS), Slawomir MENTZEN 14.8%, Grzegorz BRAUN 6.3%, and Szymon HOLOWNIA 5.0%; second round to be held on 1 June 2025; 2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49% 2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5% |
| Expected date of next election | July 2030 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislative structure | Bicameral |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers); Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president) |
| Judge selection and term of office | President of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland; judges serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended; Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for single 9-year terms |
| Subordinate courts | Administrative courts; military courts; local, regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Bogdan Adam KLICH (since 21 November 2024) |
| Chancery | 2640 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 499-1700 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 328-2152 |
| Email address and website | washington.amb.sekretariat@msz.gov.pl https://www.gov.pl/web/usa-en/embassy-washington |
| Consulate(s) general | Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Thomas ROSE (since 6 November 2025) |
| Embassy | Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, 00-540 Warsaw |
| Mailing address | 5010 Warsaw Place, Washington, DC 20521-5010 |
| Telephone | [48] (22) 504-2000 |
| FAX | [48] (22) 504-2088 |
| Email address and website | acswarsaw@state.gov https://pl.usembassy.gov/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Krakow |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 17 (15 cultural, 2 natural) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Historic Krakow (c); Historic Warsaw (c); Medieval Torun (c); Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region (c); Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork (c); Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines (c); Auschwitz Birkenau Concentration Camp (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Białowieza Forest (n); Old City of Zamość (c) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Poland
Info
No additional political notes.
International organization participation
All Important Facts about Poland
Want to know more about Poland? Check all different factbooks for Poland below.
