● Each country is a unique chapter in the BOOK OF HUMANITY, written in the sweat and blood of people whose PAGES will now remain forever ● 每个国家都是《人类之书》中独特的一章，由人们的汗水与鲜血写就，而他们的篇章如今将永世留存 ● Каждая страна — уникальная глава КНИГИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСТВА, написанная потом и кровью людей, чьи СТРАНИЦЫ теперь будут оставаться навсегда ●
India - Government
National symbols
The Lion Capital of Ashoka, which depicts four Asiatic lions standing back-to-back and mounted on a circular abacus (official); Bengal tiger and lotus flower (traditional).
The flag
The National Anthem
| Title | N/A |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music | N/A |
More about the government of India
| Date of Independence | 15 August 1947 (from the UK) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Republic Day, 26 January (1950) |
| Legal system | common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts |
| International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt |
| Constitution | |
| History | Previous 1935 (pre-independence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950 |
| Amendment process | Proposed by either the Council of States or the House of the People; passage requires majority participation of the total membership in each house and at least two-thirds majority of voting members of each house, followed by assent of the president of India; proposed amendments to the constitutional amendment procedures also must be ratified by at least one half of the India state legislatures before presidential assent |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | at least one parent must be a citizen of India |
| Dual citizenship recognized | no |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Droupadi MURMU (since 25 July 2022) |
| Head of government | Prime Minister Narendra MODI (since 26 May 2014) |
| Cabinet | Union Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the president |
| Election/appointment process | president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (no term limits) by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament |
| Most recent election date | 18 July 2022 |
| Election results | 2022: Droupadi MURMU elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Droupadi MURMU (BJP) 64%, Yashwant SINHA (AITC) 35.9%; Jagdeep DHANKHAR elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Jagdeep DHANKHAR (BJP) 74.4%, Margaret ALVA (INC) 25.6% |
| Expected date of next election | July 2027 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature name | Parliament (Sansad) |
| Legislative structure | Bicameral |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice) |
| Judge selection and term of office | Justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65 |
| Subordinate courts | High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Vinay Mohan KWATRA (since 18 September 2024) |
| Chancery | 2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 939-7000 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 265-4351 |
| Email address and website | hoc.washington@mea.gov.in https://www.indianembassyusa.gov.in/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador-designate Sergio GOR (since 11 October 2025) |
| Embassy | Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110021 |
| Mailing address | 9000 New Delhi Place, Washington DC 20521-9000 |
| Telephone | [91] (11) 2419-8000 |
| FAX | [91] (11) 2419-0017 |
| Email address and website | acsnd@state.gov https://in.usembassy.gov/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Chennai (Madras), Hyderabad, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay) |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 44 (36 cultural, 7 natural, 1 mixed) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Taj Mahal (c); Agra Fort (c); Elphanta Caves (c); Hill Forts of Rajasthan (c); Sundarbans National Park (n); Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (c); Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (c); Jaipur (c); Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (c); Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (n); Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (n); Khangchendzonga National Park (m); Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (c); Sun Temple, Konârak (c); Kaziranga National Park (n); Churches and Convents of Goa (c); Great Living Chola Temples (c); Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (c); Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (c); Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (c); Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (c); Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (n); Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat (c); Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (c); Historic City of Ahmadabad (c); Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (c); Jaipur City, Rajasthan (c); Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (c); Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty (c); Maratha Military Landscapes of India (c) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in India
International organization participation
All Important Facts about India
Want to know more about India? Check all different factbooks for India below.
