Somalia - Geography
Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Somalia. Strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal. Mother's mean age at first birth is N/A , whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is N/A.
Population Distribution
Distribution varies greatly throughout the country; least densely populated areas are in the northeast and central regions, as well as areas along the Kenyan border; most populated areas are in and around the cities of Mogadishu, Marka, Boorama, Hargeysa, and Baidoa, as shown on this population distribution map
People and Society
In Somalia, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Predominantly Somali with lesser numbers of Arabs, Bantus, and others
| Population | N/A |
|---|---|
| Pop growth rate | 3.32% (2025 est.) |
| Birth rate | 46.36 births/1,000 population (2025 est.) |
| Death rate | 11.22 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.) |
| Current health expenditure | N/A |
| Physicians Density | N/A |
| Hospital bed Density | 0.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 6.38 children born/woman (2025 est.) |
| Gross reproduction rate | 3.14 (2025 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | N/A |
| Est married women (ages 15-49) | N/A |
| Literacy | N/A |
| Education expenditures | N/A |
| Net Migration rate | N/A |
| Nationality | Somali | Somali(s) |
| Languages | N/A |
| Religions | N/A |
| Age Structure | |
| 0-14 years | 41.4% (male 2,689,086/female 2,694,372) |
| 15-64 years | 55.8% (male 3,699,721/female 3,568,163) |
| 65 years and over | 2.8% (2024 est.) (male 157,505/female 208,426) |
| Dependency Ratios | |
| Total dependency ratio | 100.5 (2025 est.) |
| Youth dependency ratio | 97.1 (2025 est.) |
| Elderly dependency ratio | 3.3 (2025 est.) |
| Potential support ratio | 29.9 (2025 est.) |
| Median Age | |
| Total | 15.7 years (2025 est.) |
| Male | 19.3 years |
| Female | 18.9 years |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population | 47.9% of total population (2023) |
| Rate of urbanization | 4.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major urban areas (Pop) | 2.610 million MOGADISHU (capital), 1.127 million Hargeysa (2023). |
| Sex Ratio | |
| At birth | 1.03 male(s)/female |
| 0-14 years | 1 male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.04 male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.76 male(s)/female |
| Total population | 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
| Infant Motality | |
| Total | 81.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) |
| Male | 93.2 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Female | 73.7 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life Expectancy at birth | |
| Total population | 56.5 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 54.1 years |
| Female | 59 years |
| Drinking Water Sources | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 80.1% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: rural | rural: 38.6% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: total | total: 58.3% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 19.9% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 61.4% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: total | total: 41.7% of population (2022 est.) |
| Sanitation facility acess | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 82.9% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: rural | rural: 34.8% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: total | total: 57.6% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 17.1% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 65.2% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: total | total: 42.4% of population (2022 est.) |
| Major Infectious diseases | |
| Alcohol consumption per capita | |
| Total | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Beer | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Wine | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Spirits | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Other alcohols | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Tobacco use | |
| Child marriage | |
Demographic profile
All Important Facts about Somalia
Want to know more about Somalia? Check all different factbooks for Somalia below.
