Saudi Arabia - Geography

Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the world without a river; extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea allow for considerable shipping (especially of crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. Mother's mean age at first birth is N/A , whereas, the Maternal mortality ratio is N/A.

Population Distribution

Historically a population that was mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic, the Saudi population has become more settled since oil was discovered in the 1930s; most of the country's population is now concentrated in a wide area across the middle of the peninsula, from Ad Dammam in the east through Riyadh in the interior to Mecca-Medina in the west near the Red Sea

People and Society

In Saudi Arabia, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%

Population N/A
Pop growth rate 1.72% (2025 est.)
Birth rate 13.41 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate 3.51 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Current health expenditure N/A
Physicians Density N/A
Hospital bed Density 2.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate 1.84 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate 0.9 (2025 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate N/A
Est married women (ages 15-49) N/A
Literacy N/A
Education expenditures N/A
Net Migration rate N/A
Nationality Saudi or Saudi Arabian | Saudi(s)
Languages N/A
Religions N/A
Age Structure
0-14 years 22.9% (male 4,266,720/female 4,097,270)
15-64 years 72.7% (male 15,577,133/female 10,994,061)
65 years and over 4.4% (2024 est.) (male 856,985/female 752,262)
Dependency Ratios
Total dependency ratio 37.5 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio 31.5 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio 6.1 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio 16.5 (2024 est.)
Median Age
Total 32.8 years (2025 est.)
Male 34.6 years
Female 29.3 years
Urbanization
Urban population 85% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization 1.69% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas (Pop) 7.682 million RIYADH (capital), 4.863 million Jeddah, 2.150 million Mecca, 1.573 million Medina, 1.329 million Ad Dammam, 872,000 million Hufuf-Mubarraz (2023).
Sex Ratio
At birth 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.42 male(s)/female
65 years and over 1.14 male(s)/female
Total population 1.31 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Infant Motality
Total 11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Male 12.8 deaths/1,000 live births
Female 10.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Life Expectancy at birth
Total population 77.2 years (2024 est.)
Male 75.6 years
Female 78.8 years
Drinking Water Sources
Improved: urban urban: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: rural rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total total: 98.6% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban urban: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total total: 1.4% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility acess
Improved: urban urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: rural rural: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total total: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural rural: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total total: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Major Infectious diseases
Alcohol consumption per capita
Total 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Beer 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
Total 17.6% (2025 est.)
Male 28.3% (2025 est.)
Female 2% (2025 est.)
Child marriage
Demographic profile
No additional profile data available.
All Important Facts about Saudi Arabia

Want to know more about Saudi Arabia? Check all different factbooks for Saudi Arabia below.

Saudi Arabia is found in Western Asia