Indonesia - Geography
Here, let us take a look at the Geography of Indonesia.
note 1: 13,466 islands are in the archipelago, of which 922 are permanently inhabited; Indonesia is the world's largest country composed solely of islands; the country straddles the equator and occupies a strategic location along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
note 2: Indonesia is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, which is a belt bordering the Pacific Ocean that contains about 75% of the world's volcanoes, up to 90% of the world's earthquakes, and 80% of tsunamis
note 3: despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon
Population Distribution
Major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands, Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated
People and Society
In Indonesia, the different Ethnic groups are such that we have: Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)
| Population | N/A |
|---|---|
| Pop growth rate | 0.7% (2025 est.) |
| Birth rate | 14.55 births/1,000 population (2025 est.) |
| Death rate | 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.) |
| Current health expenditure | N/A |
| Physicians Density | N/A |
| Hospital bed Density | 1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.93 children born/woman (2025 est.) |
| Gross reproduction rate | 0.94 (2025 est.) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | N/A |
| Est married women (ages 15-49) | N/A |
| Literacy | N/A |
| Education expenditures | N/A |
| Net Migration rate | N/A |
| Nationality | Indonesian | Indonesian(s) |
| Languages | N/A |
| Religions | N/A |
| Age Structure | |
| 0-14 years | 23.8% (male 34,247,218/female 32,701,367) |
| 15-64 years | 68.3% (male 96,268,201/female 95,961,293) |
| 65 years and over | 8% (2024 est.) (male 10,284,628/female 12,099,758) |
| Dependency Ratios | |
| Total dependency ratio | 46.1 (2025 est.) |
| Youth dependency ratio | 34.1 (2025 est.) |
| Elderly dependency ratio | 12 (2025 est.) |
| Potential support ratio | 8.3 (2025 est.) |
| Median Age | |
| Total | 31.8 years (2025 est.) |
| Male | 30.8 years |
| Female | 32.3 years |
| Urbanization | |
| Urban population | 58.6% of total population (2023) |
| Rate of urbanization | 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) |
| Major urban areas (Pop) | 11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023). |
| Sex Ratio | |
| At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| 0-14 years | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1 male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.85 male(s)/female |
| Total population | 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.) |
| Infant Motality | |
| Total | 18.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) |
| Male | 21.3 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Female | 16.4 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life Expectancy at birth | |
| Total population | 73.6 years (2024 est.) |
| Male | 71.3 years |
| Female | 76 years |
| Drinking Water Sources | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 98.3% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: rural | rural: 88.3% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: total | total: 94.1% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 1.7% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 11.7% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: total | total: 5.9% of population (2022 est.) |
| Sanitation facility acess | |
| Improved: urban | urban: 97.4% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: rural | rural: 91.1% of population (2022 est.) |
| Improved: total | total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: urban | urban: 2.6% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: rural | rural: 8.9% of population (2022 est.) |
| Unimproved: total | total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.) |
| Major Infectious diseases | |
| Alcohol consumption per capita | |
| Total | 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Beer | 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Wine | 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Spirits | 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Other alcohols | 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) |
| Tobacco use | |
| Total | 39% (2025 est.) |
| Male | 74.9% (2025 est.) |
| Female | 3.1% (2025 est.) |
| Child marriage | |
| Women married by age 15 | 2% (2017) |
| Women married by age 18 | 16.3% (2017) |
Demographic profile
All Important Facts about Indonesia
Want to know more about Indonesia? Check all different factbooks for Indonesia below.
